Guide
2026Workplace accommodation guide
Canadian Human Rights Commission
Explains the employer duty to accommodate under the Canadian Human Rights Act, including invisible disabilities.
THE EVIDENCE
Research Library
Reports, definitions and guidance we rely on, from Canadian and international sources.
FEATURED
Built Different
Free tools and guides for schools, employers and families. Dyslexia Ready by Skills Council of Canada.
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Guide
2025Universal screening, diagnosis and adult assessment
Dyslexia Canada
Canadian guidance on screening, psych-ed assessment and adult options.
Research paper
2025Toward a consensus on dyslexia: a Delphi study
Carroll et al.
Expert consensus on a new definition, with fluency and spelling as key markers.
Guide
2025IDA revised 2025 definition of dyslexia
International Dyslexia Association
IDA's updated definition, replacing the 2002 version.
Report
2024Right to Read: Two-year update
Ontario Human Rights Commission
Tracks how far Ontario has implemented the Right to Read recommendations and where gaps remain.
Research paper
2024Commentary on the IDA definition of dyslexia
Annals of Dyslexia
Peer-reviewed commentary on the 2002 definition, part of the 2025 review.
Guide
2023Effective reading instruction for students with dyslexia
International Dyslexia Association
Fact sheet on structured literacy.
Policy
2023Policy/Program Memorandum 168: Reading instruction and early reading screening
Ontario Ministry of Education
Requires Ontario boards to screen students from Year 2 Kindergarten to Grade 2 for early reading skills.
Report
2022Right to Read: Public inquiry into human rights issues affecting students with reading disabilities
Ontario Human Rights Commission
Ontario inquiry finding that public schools were failing students with reading disabilities, with 157 recommendations.
Research paper
2021Reading disorders revisited: the importance of oral language
Snowling, Hulme
Separates dyslexia from comprehension difficulties and stresses oral language.
Report
2020IDA Ontario reports, incl. Right to Read submission
IDA Ontario
IDA Ontario position papers, including its inquiry submission.
Research paper
2020The prevalence of dyslexia: a new approach
Wagner et al.
Shows prevalence depends on how dyslexia is defined.
Research paper
2020Neurodiversity at work: a biopsychosocial model
Doyle
How dyslexia and other conditions affect working adults, and which supports help.
Guide
2019Dyslexia Handbook: what every family should know
International Dyslexia Association
Plain-language guide to signs, assessment, teaching and advocacy.
Policy
2018Policy on accessible education for students with disabilities
Ontario Human Rights Commission
Sets out the legal duty of Ontario education providers to accommodate students with disabilities.
Research paper
2018Employment outcomes of Canadian post-secondary students with learning disabilities
Kalichuk, Wilson
Small Canadian study: most graduates held full-time jobs with similar pay to peers.
Research paper
2018Ending the reading wars
Castles, Rastle, Nation
Major review of how children learn to read, supporting early explicit phonics.
Guide
2017Talking Dyslexia guide
Yale Center for Dyslexia & Creativity
Helps families and teachers talk about dyslexia openly.
Report
2016Neurodiversity at work
NIESR for Acas (UK)
Covers workplace barriers, adjustments and good management for neurodivergent staff, including dyslexia.
Guide
2016Foundational skills to support reading, K to Grade 3
What Works Clearinghouse (US)
Four evidence-rated recommendations for teaching early reading.
Research paper
2016Meta-analyses of Tier 2 reading interventions, K to 3
Wanzek et al.
Small-group early reading help produces moderate to large gains.
Research paper
2014Factors influencing work participation of adults with dyslexia
de Beer et al.
Personal and workplace factors that affect employment of adults with dyslexia.
Research paper
2014Effectiveness of treatment approaches for reading disabilities: meta-analysis
Galuschka et al.
Finds phonics instruction was the only approach with confirmed effects.
Report
2014Learning disabilities among Canadians aged 15 years and older
Statistics Canada
National data on Canadians with a learning disability, including education, work and support needs.
Research paper
2011Neural systems predicting long-term outcome in dyslexia
Hoeft et al.
Brain imaging predicted which teens with dyslexia improved their reading.
Report
2009Identifying and teaching children and young people with dyslexia (Rose Review)
Sir Jim Rose, UK Government
UK review recommending early identification, systematic phonics and specialist teacher training.
Research paper
2003A definition of dyslexia
Lyon, Shaywitz, Shaywitz
The research basis for the widely used 2002 definition of dyslexia.
Report
2000Report of the National Reading Panel
NICHD (US)
US review finding explicit teaching of phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary and comprehension works.
Research paper
2000Functional neuroimaging of reading and dyslexia
Pugh et al.
Shows differences in left-brain reading networks in people with dyslexia.
Research paper
1992Dyslexia may represent the lower tail of a normal distribution of reading ability
Shaywitz et al.
Shows reading ability falls on a continuum, with dyslexia at the low end.